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Mechanical Behavior of Superalloys

The superalloys are ductile in nature however cobalt based superalloys have lower ductility as compare to iron-nickel and nickel based superalloys. The short period tensile ductility varies from 10% to maximum 70% but gamma’ hardened alloys have low ductility up to 40%. 

The Superalloys generally have dynamic moduli of elasticity in the limit of 207 GPa or  30 x 10(6) psi, however moduli of certain polycrystalline alloys varies from 172 to 241 GPa or 25 x 10(6) to 35to 10(6) psi at room temperature on the base of alloy configuration. The dynamic measurement of elasticity moduli at the elevated temperatures is essential as the static modulus is widely affected by high temperatures and gives minor reductions on the dynamic value at a general high temperature. The static modulus may fall up to 30% with increase in temperature from room to 871oC or1600oF.

The short term tensile yield characteristics of gamma’ hardened alloys vary from 550 MPa or 80 ksi to 1380 MPa or 200 ksi at room temperature. The data depends on composition and treatment. The wrought superalloys have the maximum values with the maximum hardener content alloys providing the highest strength. Although, strength is a function of grain size and stored energy. The superalloys such as Inconel 718 or U630 can be forged for achieving extremely high yield strength. Solid solution hardened alloys like sheet Hastelloy X have smaller strength levels. The strength of superalloys varies from 690 MPa to 1520 Mpa or 100 ksi to 230 ksi at the room temperature with gamma’ hardened alloys in the high end range.

The superalloys give increased yield strength from room temperature up to a temperature of 760oC or 1400oF and then decrease with further increase in temperature. It is unlike to alloys that cause regular drop in short yield strength with increase in temperature. The mechanical strengths normally do not exhibit this behavior. Alongside, tensile ductility decreases with nominal in the limit of 649oC to 760oC or 1200oF to 1400oF.

The maximum tensile characteristics are observed in fine grain size wrought or powder metallurgy superalloys utilized in operations at the upper portion of the moderate temperature regime about 760oC or 1400oF. The maximum creep rupturing characteristics always are observed in coarser grain cast superalloys that are utilized in the elevated temperature regime. The cracking strengths are a function of time, evidently 1000 h stress potential is smaller than 100 hour potential. The creep potential is a function of extent of creep allowed in an analysis. 

Following table shows temperature effect on short term mechanical behavior of wrought Nickel Superalloys

Alloys Form Ultimate tensile Strength Yield strength at 0.2% offset at Tensile extension % at
21oC or 70oF 540oC or 1000oF 760oC or 1400oF 21oC or 70oF 540oC or 1000oF 760oC or 1400oF 21oC or 70oF 540oC or 1000oF 760oC or 1400oF
Mpa ksi Mpa ksi Mpa ksi Mpa ksi Mpa ksi Mpa ksi
Nickel based alloys
Hastelloy C 22 sheet 800 116 625 91 525 76 405 59 275 40 240 35 57 61 63
Hastelloy G30 sheet 690 100 490 71 315 46 170 25 64 75
Hastelloy S Bar 845 130 775 112 575 84 455 65 340 49 310 45 49 50 70
Hastelloy X sheet 785 114 650 94 435 63 360 52 290 42 260 38 43 45 37
Inconel 600 Bar 660 96 560 81 260 38 285 41 220 32 180 26 45 41 70
Inconel 601 Sheet 740 107 725 105 290 42 455 66 350 51 220 32 40 34 78
Inconel 617 Bar 740 107 580 84 440 64 295 43 200 29 180 26 70 68 84
Inconel 617 Sheet 770 112 590 86 470 68 345 50 230 33 230 33 55 62 59
Inconel 625 Bar 965 140 910 132 550 80 490 71 415 60 415 60 50 50 45
Inconel 706 Bar 1310 190 1145 166 725 105 1005 146 910 132 660 96 20 19 32
Inconel 718 Bar 1435 208 1275 185 950 138 1185 172 1065 154 740 107 21 18 25
Inconel 718 aging Bar 1530 222 1350 196 1365 198 1180 171 16 15
Inconel 718 Super Bar 1350 196 1200 174 1105 160 1020 148 16 18
Inconel X750 bar 1200 174 1050 152 815 118 725 105 27 26
NImonic 75 bar 745 108 675 98 310 45 285 41 200 29 160 23 40 40 67
Nimonic 80A bar 1000 145 875 127 600 87 620 90 530 77 505 73 39 37 17
NImonic 90 bar 1235 179 1075 156 655 95 810 117 725 105 540 78 33 28 12
Pyromet 860 bar 1295 188 1255 182 910 132 835 121 840 122 835 121 22 15 18
Rene 41 Bar 1420 206 1400 203 1105 160 1060 154 1020 147 940 136 14 14 11
Rene 95 Bar 1620 235 1550 224 1170 170 1310 190 1255 182 1100 160 15 12 15
Udimet 400 bar 1310 190 1185 172 930 135 830 120 30 26